History 3348 001 (#60905):
HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES
Spring 2023, Holden Hall 154
MWF 10:00-10:50 am
TEACHER
John Howe, Professor of History
Office: 143 Holden Hall
Office Hours: MW 1:45-3:00pm; Tu 11:00-11:50am, and by appointment
Telelephone: 806 834‑2971 E‑Mail: john.howe@ttu.edu Fax 806 742-1060
Web: http://myweb.ttu.edu/jhowe (the best way to access this syllabus)
THE COURSE
Purposes
To acquire a general knowledge of the crusading movement in Western Europe, including its ideology, organization, military strategies, and leadership. To situate the crusades in the larger economic, cultural, and religious context of the Mediterranean world, a cross-cultural world of Latin, Greek, and Arabic civilizations. To use the crusades as a case study for analysis of problems posed by "holy war," imperialism, colonialism, and the formation of European consciousness.
To learn how historians reconstruct historical events from conflicting primary sources.
Expected Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this class students will be able to:
1. Identify major events and individuals associated with the crusades.
2. Discuss the documentary foundation that underlies this historical narrative.
3. Relate the history of the crusades to other major social developments in the medieval Latin West.
4. Recognize antecedents of some contemporary debates between Western and Islamic societies.
5. Be more proficient in the following genres of historical writing: essay examinations; comparative analyses of historical documents.
Methods for Assessing the Expected Learning Outcomes
The Expected Learning Outcomes of the course will be assessed through examinations, source problems, quizzes, and class discussion.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Required Texts
Joinville and Villehardouin: Chronicles of the Crusades. Translated by Caroline Smith. New York: Penguin USA, 2008. ISBN 978-0-140-44998-3.
Madden, Thomas F. The Concise History of the Crusades: Third Student Edition. Lanham MD: Rowan & Littlefield, 2013. ISBN 978-1-4422-1575-7
Runciman, Steven. The First Crusade. Penguin Modern Classics Penguin UK: 2016 978-0141985503
Internet Medieval Sourcebook: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html
Some journal articles accessible via the Texas Tech Library through JSTOR.
Required Reading
Specific reading assignments for each class are listed in the "Reading and Lecture Schedule," just ahead of the lecture date by which they should be completed. Each assignment concerns the subject of the following class meeting. Read so that you arrive in class prepared to explain, praise, criticize, and question. The assignments are manageable if read on schedule, but overwhelming if you fall behind.
Successful completion of this course requires regular attendance. In the classroom difficult reading assignments are interpreted and contextualized, and additional subject matter is introduced. If you cannot attend 80% or more of the scheduled classes, you should not be enrolled.
Examinations
Midterm tests are scheduled for Friday February 17 and Monday March 27. Each includes multiple-choice questions, identification questions, a single essay (from two or more choices), and perhaps map work. If, for good reason, a test is missed, a make-up test may be taken at 3:30-4:30 pm on Monday, May 1. Students receiving a grade below "C" on a midterm should meet with the teacher to discuss it (this will be part of the class participation grade).
The final examination on Monday, May 8 at 1:30 - 4:00pm will feature multiple-choice questions, identifications, and perhaps map work on the material covered since the second midterm, and then several essay questions covering the material of the entire course. Bring blue books for the final.
Discussion Questions
Some readings in the syllabus are marked with an asterisk (*). For those readings the instructor may give a three-minute in-class quiz. Each quiz will require you to do two things: 1) ask an intelligent question about the specified reading; and 2) identify one thing in that reading which you found "distinctive" (enlightening, surprising, odd, weird, stupid, wrong, or whatever). These questions will help focus class discussions. Your top ten grades on the quizzes will be included in your final grade.
Source Problems
This course assigns three crusade source problems, cases where the primary documentary evidence seems contradictory. Students will attempt to reconstruct what happened, presenting their findings in papers no longer than five typed, double-spaced pages. Since the evidence provided for each case study yields no indisputable "right answer," all you can do is to present your arguments for the "most probable" scenario. You will be given information about how to avoid common errors. Grades will be based upon logic, persuasiveness, analytical depth, and comprehensive use of the sources. Be careful not to violate the History Department and University guidelines on plagiarism.
The first source problem is due on Friday, February 3; the second on Wednesday, March 8; the third on Wednesday April 12. Papers late by a day or two will be assessed a one grade penalty, but no late papers will be accepted after the corrected on-time papers have been returned.
UNIVERSITY NOTICES
Necessary Accommodations: Any student who, because of a disabling condition, may require special arrangements in order to meet course requirements should contact the instructor as soon as possible so that the necessary accommodations can be made.
Observance of a Religious Holy Day: Texas House Bill 256 requires institutions of higher education to excuse a student from attending classes or other required activities, including examinations, for the observance of a religious holy day. The student shall also be excused for time necessary to travel. An institution may not penalize the student for the absence and allows for the student to take an exam or complete an assignment from which the student is excused. No prior notification of the instructor is required.
Academic Honesty:
"Texas Tech is committed to creating an exciting university atmosphere that is free of academic dishonesty. All members of the university community, including faculty, students, and staff, are upheld to the standard of having integrity in the work they produce. The standard is for all members of the Texas Tech community to contribute to the campus environment in an ethical, fun, and honest manner. Integrity matters because student success matters." Academic integrity violations include, but are not limited to, cheating, plagiarism, collusion, falsifying academic records, misrepresenting facts, and any act designed to give unfair academic advantage to the student. See the Student Handbook, pp. 12-77.
The Department of History adheres to Texas Tech University’s statement and related policies on issues of academic integrity as detailed in OP 34.12. Any student found to be in violation of these policies will be subject to disciplinary action at both the departmental and university levels. At the departmental level, such action may include one or more of the following: a failing grade (F) for the assignment in question; a failing grade (F) for the course; a written reprimand or disqualification from scholarships and/or funding. See TTU Student Judicial Programs.
GRADING
The course grade will be computed as follows: 20% from the midterm tests (that is, 10% from each); 45% from the papers (15% from each); 10% from quizzes (based upon your best ten grades); and 25% from the final.
READING AND LECTURE SCHEDULE
W Jan 11 Introductions
Eurasian World ; Mediterranean Topography;
Holy Land Topography ; Holy Land Maps; Modern Israel
F Jan 13 Geography
Runciman 32-41; Wilkinson*; Piacenza Pilgrim*.
[Tu Jan 17 Last Day to add a course]
W Jan 18 Early Medieval Pilgrimage
Runciman 3-31; Date Chart; Roman Empire ca. 300;
Europe 900; Byzantine Empire mid 11th ; Liutprand 949*;
F Jan 20 The Greek East at 1000AD
Overview of Islam; "Pact of Omar"* ; Kennedy
M Jan 23 Islam at 1000AD
John Howe on "Encastellation"*; new horse collar;
W Jan 25 The Latin West at 1000
Runciman 69-76; Madden 1-5
F Jan 27 Holy War
[F Jan 27 Last day to drop a course and get a full refund.]
Runciman 42-65; Madden 5-7;
Late 11th-Century Maps; How to Mess Up the Source Problem.
Start Source Problem #1.
M Jan 30 The Turkish Threat
Madden 5-13; Gregory VII; Runciman 69-91.
Continue writing Source Problem #1.
W Feb 1 Church Reform and the Call to Crusade
Finish Source Problem #1
F Feb 3 Response to the Call
Madden 15-19; Runciman 91-117; Solomon bar Samson*
M Feb 6 The Peoples' Crusades
Runciman 118-41; Madden 19-23; Roster of Crusaders;
W Feb 8 The Crusaders at Constantinople
Madden 23-30; Runciman 145-76
F Feb 10 The March to Antioch
Runciman 177-216; Battle of Antioch
M Feb 13 The Siege of Antioch
Runciman 219-38; Madden 30-32; Ibn Al-Athīr*;
Fulcher of Chartres*; Battle of Jerusalem
W Feb 15 The Fall of Jerusalem
Study
F Feb 17 Midterm #1
Runciman 239-70; Madden 34-46; Crusader State map; Usamah ibn Munqidh*
M Feb 20 Organizing the Crusader States
W Feb 22 Organizing the Crusader Church
Denis Pringle, "The Planning of Some Pilgrimage Churches inCrusader Palestine." World Archeology 18 1987): 341-62*
[access through JSTOR]
F Feb 24 Crusader Art & Architecture
Madden 46-48; Partner, Templars*; Templar Rule.
M Feb 27 The Military Orders
Madden 132-33; Crusader Women*; Nicholson*; Melisende's Psalter
Start Source Problem #2 by listing and analyzing the documents
W Mar 1 Woman on Crusade
Holmes*. Start writing Source Problem #2.
F Mar 3 Daily Life in the Crusader States
Madden 48-59; Fall of Edessa; Mayer, "2nd Crusade" .
Continue writing Source Problem #2.
M Mar 6 Islam Strikes Back
Eugenius III; Capture of Lisbon*. Finish Source Problem # 2.
Holy Sepulcher ; Nazareth capitols ;
Melisende Psalter French Crusade Song ; Krak de Chavaliers
F Mar 10 Crusader Art & Architecture
[Spring Vacation, March 11-19]
Madden 61-72; Dynastic Succession, William of Tyre,
M Mar 20 The Kingdom of Jerusalem at Risk
Madden 72-77; Hattin; Battle of Hattin and Its Aftermath; Capture of Jerusalem*.
W Mar 22 The Battle of Hattin and the Fall of Jerusalem to Saladin
Madden 77-91; Ambroise*.
F Mar 24 The Third Crusade
Study
M Mar 27 Midterm #2
Madden 115-17; Strayer
W Mar 29 Spanish Crusades
Madden 117-29. Start Source Problem #3
F Mar 31 Crusades against Heretics
Madden 129-132; Teutonic Knights; In Defense of Teutonic Knights
Children's Crusades* ; Cologne Chronicle Continue Source Problem #3.
W Apr 5 Children's Crusades
Queller on "4th Crusade" (map) and on 4th Crusade Chronology; Continue Source Problem #3.
F Apr 7 Optional discussion of problems with completing Source Problem #3 (HH154, 9:30am-11:00am)
[M Apr 10 Easter Holiday]
Nicetas Choniates ; Villehardouin 74-141*; Finish Source Problem #3.
W Apr 12 Latin Empire of Constantinople
Madden 134-45; Innocent III
F Apr 14 The Fifth Crusade
Madden 146-53; Map of the Crusader Kingdom 1192-1243;
Capture of Jerusalem in 1244; Letters*; Joinville 161-200;
M Apr 17 Crusade of Frederick II and Its Aftermath
Madden 154-68; Letter from 1249; Joinville 200-264;
W Apr 19 Louis IX and the Sixth Crusade
Joinville 265-330*; Mongols*
F Apr 21 Mongols
Joinville 331-353; Madden 168-76; Michener* ; Fall of Acre.
M Apr 24 Fall of the Mainland Crusader States
Madden 176-77; Templars*
W Apr 26 Fall of Papacy and the Templars
Madden 178-95; Atiya*.
F Apr 28 Later Medieval Crusades
Madden 9-13, 194-95, and 197-209; Runciman "Summing Up";
Effects of the Crusades ; Bernard Hamilton, "The Impact of Crusader Jerusalem on Western Christendom.” The Catholic Historical Review 80 (1994): 695-713 [access through JSTOR ]*
M May 2 Summing Up
[M May Make-Up Test at 3:30-4:30 pm]
[W May Dead Day]
Study
M May 8, 1:30-4:00pm FINAL EXAMINATION
